Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
Scientists have tried to reprogram various origins of primary cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Every\nsomatic cell can theoretically become a hiPSC and give rise to targeted cells of the human body. However, there have been\ndebates on the controversy about the differentiation propensity according to the origin of primary cells. We reprogrammed\nhiPSCs from four different types of primary cells such as dermal fibroblasts (DF, n = 3), peripheral blood mononuclear cells\n(PBMC, n = 3), cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC, n = 3), and osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (OAFLS, n = 3).\nEstablished hiPSCs were differentiated into chondrogenic pellets. All told, cartilage-specific markers tended to express more by\nthe order of CBMC> DF >PBMC > FLS. Origin of primary cells may influence the reprogramming and differentiation\nthereafter. In the context of chondrogenic propensity, CBMC-derived hiPSCs can be a fairly good candidate cell source for\ncartilage regeneration. The differentiation of hiPSCs into chondrocytes may help develop ââ?¬Å?cartilage in a dishââ?¬Â in the future. Also,\nthe ideal cell source of hiPSC for chondrogenesis may contribute to future application as well....
Recently, genetic markers rs10503253 and rs2616984 in the CUB and Sushi multiple domains-1 (CSMD1) gene have been reported\nto be associated with schizophrenia and cognitive functions in genome-wide association studies. We examined the associations\nof the above SNPs with cognitive performance evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool in a cohort of the\nnormal elderly fromthe Russian population. Significant association of rs2616984 genotypes with theMoCA scores was found using\nnonparametric analysis. No association of rs10503253 with MoCA scores was observed using both parametric and nonparametric\nstatistics. Significant combined effect of two-locus CSMD1 genotypes onMoCA scores was demonstrated by median test. Allele ââ?¬Å?Aââ?¬Â\nand genotype ââ?¬Å?AAââ?¬Â of rs2616984 were significantly associated with the lower MoCA scores in comparison of 1st and 4th quartiles\nofMoCA total score distribution.The results suggest that genetic variants in CSMD1 gene are likely a part of genetic component of\ncognitive performance in the elderly....
The ultimate goal for skin tissue engineering is to regenerate skin lesions to allow the full restoration of morphological and\nfunctional properties as what they were before injury. To this end, we have assembled a new prototype of a biomimetic human\numbilical cord adult mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMS)/fibrin-based scaffold. We have fully characterized the proposed dermal\nequivalent (DE) in vitro, to assess morphological, functional, and biological properties of the encased cells. We transplanted DE\nsubcutaneously into immunocompetent rodents, to verify its full biocompatibility. Finally, we studied DE graft effects on fullthickness\nwounds, in immunocompetent mice to demonstrate its capability to drive the healing process in the absence of\nsignificant scarring tissue. The excellent outcome of these in vivo studies fuels hope that this new approach, based on a\nbiohybrid DE, may be applied to the operative treatment of skin lesions (i.e., diabetic foot ulcers and burns) in man....
Background. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are providing new possibilities for the\nbiological study, cell therapies, and drug discovery. However, the ion channel expression and functions as well as regulations in\nhiPSC-CMs still need to be fully characterized. Methods. Cardiomyocytes were derived from hiPS cells that were generated from\ntwo healthy donors. qPCR and patch clamp techniques were used for the study. Results. In addition to the reported ion\nchannels, INa, ICa-L, ICa-T, If, INCX, IK1, Ito, IKr, IKs IKATP, IK-pH, ISK1ââ?¬â??3, and ISK4, we detected both the expression and currents of\nACh-activated (KACh) and Na+-activated (KNa) K+, volume-regulated and calcium-activated (Cl-Ca) ClâË?â??, and TRPV channels.\nAll the detected ion currents except IK1, IKACh, ISK, IKNa, and TRPV1 currents contribute to AP duration. Isoprenaline increased\nICa-L, If, and IKs but reduced INa and INCX, without an effect on Ito, IK1, ISK1ââ?¬â??3, IKATP, IKr, ISK4, IKNa, ICl-Ca, and ITRPV1. Carbachol\nalone showed no effect on the tested ion channel currents. Conclusion. Our data demonstrate that most ion channels, which are\npresent in healthy or diseased cardiomyocytes, exist in hiPSC-CMs. Some of them contribute to action potential performance\nand are regulated by adrenergic stimulation....
The transplantation of autologous BM-MSCs holds great potential for treating end-stage liver diseases. The aim of this study\nwas to compare the efficiency of transplanted rBM-MSCs and rBM-MSC-derived differentiated stem cells (rBM-MSC-DSCs)\nfor suppression of dimethylnitrosamine-injured liver damage in rat model. Synchrotron radiation Fourier-transform infrared\n(SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy was applied to investigate changes in the macromolecular composition. Transplantation of\nrBM-MSC-DSCs into liver-injured rats restored their serum albumin level and significantly suppressed transaminase activity\nas well as the morphological manifestations of liver disease. The regenerative effects of rBM-MSC-DSCs were corroborated\nunequivocally by the phenotypic difference analysis between liver tissues revealed by infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic\nchanges in the spectral region from 1190ââ?¬â??970 cmâË?â??1 (bands with absorbance maxima at 1150 cmâË?â??1, 1081 cmâË?â??1, and\n1026 cmâË?â??1) indicated decreased levels of carbohydrates, in rBM-MSC-DSC-transplanted livers, compared with untreated and\nrBM-MSCââ?¬â??transplanted animals. Principal component analysis (PCA) of spectra acquired from liver tissue could readily\ndiscriminate rBM-MSC-DSC-transplanted animals from the untreated and rBM-MSC-transplanted animals. We conclude\nthat the transplantation of rBM-MSC-DSCs effectively treats liver disease in rats and SR-FTIR microspectroscopy provides\nimportant insights into the fundamental biochemical alterations induced by the stem-derived cell transplantation, including\nan objective ââ?¬Å?signatureââ?¬Â of the regenerative effects of stem cell therapy upon liver injury....
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